TYPES OF AGRICULTURE IN INDIA

Before we discuss about Types Agriculture in India, let us know what is Agriculture? and when was it started in India?

Agriculture is a practice of farming which includes soil cultivation to grow Crops and raising of animals to obtain Food and other animal products, over 70% of Indian Population directly or indirectly depends on agriculture and its products.

During olden days people used to get low yielding from cultivation due to older techniques of farming, as days progressed people started and engaged in modern methodology using modern machinery which they got higher yielding and higher profits and people also engaged in different types of agriculture for their livelihood.  

Agriculture in India might have started around 7000 BC and there are various documents in Vedas also shows that various techniques of agriculture were used such as ploughing, irrigation and cultivations of Fruits and vegetables.

people in India also started cultivating spices around 5,000 years ago and studies even show that people were doing agriculture in south India near 5,000 to 10,000 years ago, and during the 18th-century sugarcane were also exported to European countries which paved the way for economic activities.

After Indian Independence agriculture became a mainstream booster for the Indian economy, the Governments in India enacted certain Financial policies which made Farmers cultivate crops from different types of agriculture due to which Farmers became Profitable and even they contributed to Country's economy.

GREEN REVOLUTION

The Green revolution was first adopted by Punjab to yield Wheat with large productivity, after success in Punjab the revolution was adopted in parts of Haryana and Uttarpradesh which are prime states for growing wheat, the revolution paved the way for large productivity of wheat.

later this technology was used to the cultivation of Rice and adopted in areas which had highly irrigated areas. 

Later Government shifted its ideas towards cultivating Fruit, Vegetables and oilseeds. large methods are used by farmers in fishing, livestock and dairy.

TYPES OF AGRICULTURE IN INDIA

There are several types of Agriculture which are practised in India and we may look to it one by one:

1. SUBSISTENCE FARMING

These Type of Agriculture is one of the traditional and most famous techniques of agriculture and it is most practised all over the country, In this kind of farming Farmer and his whole family participate in cultivation and the farmer's yield crop in a traditional way and farmers cultivate crops in small lands with organic fertilizers and without the use of modern machinery or any inorganic Fertilizers, the farmers yield very little crop and use such crop for family use rather than selling it for commercial purpose.

2. SHIFTING AGRICULTURE

Shifting agriculture is famous in tribal people and these type of Agriculture is developed and used by tribes from decades to cultivate crops, in this type the Forest land is cultivated by destroying trees and crops are cultivated on such land after the land losses its fertility new lands are developed and cultivated.

The crops which are grown in such lands are Paddy, Millets, Vegetales and Cassava is grown in large.

These type of lands are found in parts of  Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Kerala, North-East States in India.

3. PLANTATION AGRICULTURE

These type of agriculture is practised from British era it is a single crop cultivation and cultivated in Bushes. In these type of farming modern techniques and machinery are used, the plantation is cash crops and these type of crops are to be managed extensively by a proper manner and the crops require large time to get yield and these types of crop are exported in large.

some the examples of Plantation agriculture are Rubber, Spices, Tea, Coffee and fruits such as Orange, Apple etc,.

These type of Plantation are extensively found in tropical areas of Karnataka, Kerala, Tamilnadu, Maharastra, and States of North - East.

4. INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE OR FARMING

These type of agriculture is also known as Industrial agriculture, intensive farming is done in the areas where irrigation is abundant. in this kind of farming Fertilizers and Pesticides are used extensively for higher-yielding.

In this kind of farming a large quantity of cash and labour are used. 

5. DRY AGRICULTURE 

Dry Agriculture or farming is mostly practised in dry areas or desert and the areas which receive minimum rainfall, this type of agriculture. In this kind of farming large conservation of moisture, Control of money and soil conservation is done. 

Various measures are implemented by the Government to grow alternative crops rather than traditional crop.

Examples of Traditional crops are cotton, maize, Wheat.

Examples of Alternative crops are Ragi, Chickpea, Groundnut etc,. 

6. WET AGRICULTURE

These type of agriculture is mainly practised wetter lands where irrigation abundantly available or rainfall in large.

This kind of agriculture is found abundantly in the States of Western Ghat and in North-East States.

Examples of Wet crops are Rice, Sugarcane etc,.

7. MIXED AND MULTIPLE AGRICULTURE

In this type of Agriculture, both Crop Cultivation and Raising of animals are done. Multiple farming is done by cultivating two or more crops.

This kind of farming is done in areas which have heavy rainfall or where irrigation is available extensively.

8. ROTATION OF CROP

This type of agriculture is practised when crops are cultivated in a rotation policy to maintain soil fertility.

Examples of such farming are sugarcane is rotated with cereal crops or pulses.

9. TERRACE AGRICULTURE

This type of agriculture is done by cutting the slopes of mountains and hills to form Terrace, and this kind of land is used for agriculture. soil erosion is controlled by regularly maintaining it.